Be Own Products And Services - 1416 Words

L.L. Bean: Own Products and Services L.L. Bean is a brand with strong roots in Maine, and their products and services embody their love and appreciation of the great outdoors. Employees of the company are likely to be active and enjoy an outdoor lifestyle, which puts L.L. Bean in a great position to use its own products and services to enhance the total compensation for its employees. Bean maintained a philosophy that if the employees were passionate about the company and the outdoors, then the customers would also be. Profit sharing with employees was a foundational belief of Bean, and employees were greatly rewarded when the company performed and exceeded expectations. A few of the products and services that Bean used to enhance total†¦show more content†¦Developing an HR department that was a strategic business unit, allowing it to strategically design a measurable compensation and benefits program. The need for a multi-channel marketing approach was another subject ident ified during the strategic review, which allows customers multiple ways to purchase products. Another internal strength is the portion of the compensation plan that encourages employees to take advantage of the companies products through employee discounts and equipment rental programs. Weaknesses Bean operated on premise that profits are an outcome of strong customer service, and was a byproduct of such. The lack of corporate focus on targeting specific strategies to increase profits was a glaring weakness. Their business model had never been challenged externally, and the company was still operating with a focus on catalog sales instead of refocusing efforts on the growing wave of retail and ecommerce. The company recognized they were in desperate need of employees who could process data and bring the web presence up to par with other competitors in the outdoor lifestyle industry. How the Company Responded From a total rewards perspective, the reorganization allowed the company to develop ways to improve the satisfaction of its employees. Linking pay to performance and other compensation incentives was an asset when recruiting talented technology professionals to come in and build

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway - 580 Words

E.B. White once said, â€Å"Theres no limit to how complicated things can get, on account of one thing always leading to another.† This quotation means that nobody ever knows how complicated things are going to get, and on top of that they can get worse. One can agree with this statement because in life you can go through unexpected situations that really affect your life in a negative way, and in life things might get worse. Both Soldiers home by Ernest Hemingway and Hills like white elephants by Ernest Hemingway support the idea that Life is a complicated place. He portrays this through his main male characters of both of his story’s, The American and Harold, they both try to find the easiest way out of complicated situations. To begin the novel shows that Hemingway portrays life as a complicated place through his main character The American. Ernest portrays men as the dominant sex in all of his writings. In Hills like white elephants The American is faced with a comp licated situation, such as Jig being pregnant. The American wants Jig to have an abortion and is giving her no choice by cornering her, making her feel like having a child isn’t a good thing. He states ‘Of course I don’t want anybody but you. I don’t want anyone else. And I know it’s perfectly simple† (Hemingway 2). He is pushing her to have the abortion by telling her he didn’t want anyone but her. When in reality he just didn’t want her to have the baby. He was given a difficult situation and tried to find theShow MoreRelated`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway886 Words   |  4 Pagesreader could put themselves into. Whether they choose to partake in a wayward journey full of adventure or the daily life of a human being with morals; a story’s aspect influences those thoughts with a deeper understanding. In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† it follows an American man and girl at a resting point during their travels. They arrived by train, stopping between Barcelona and Madrid. While there, they patiently waited for the next train at a bar inside of the station.Read MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway893 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was a prolific writer. His short story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† shows the tense situation between a man and a woman on vacation. Hemingway chooses to be vague in many ways. He never gives real names to his characters, nor explicitly states where they are besides hinting that they are in Spain. Additionally, he leaves it entirely to the reader to discover what the couple is discussing. By only providing information to the reader through only the dialogue of the two centralRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway939 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written by Ernest Hemingway, is an intriguing literary work that foretells the story of a man and a woman waiting for a train, whilst discussing their feelings and emotions towards the surgical operation that is about to occur on the woman. Although the story was originally written in August 1927, the piece was later published in Hemingway’s short story collection ‘Men Without Women’. The text includes a wide variety of literary terms and has various criticalRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway990 Words   |  4 Pages Another relationship coming to an end†¦ Throughout the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway, he used the train station setting, the desired operation, and obviously the relationship between the American and the girl to symbolize a crumbling relationship and unwanted gift between them. The American and the girl find themselves wound up in a rough, unplanned situation that they are trying to fix. Many bread crumbs are dropped throughout the story to symbolize a collapsingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway1750 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway’s stories are known for their ever interpreting meanings behind them, and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† does not trail from the rest due to the never mentioned word ‘abortion’. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† written by Ernest Hemingway, takes place around World War 1 in Spain, at a train station (Hills Like White Elephants. 4). An American man and a girl have been discussing the girl’s unspecific operation. It is apparent that the girl is perturbed about this operation, while theRead More`` Hills Like White Elephant `` By Ernest Hemingway865 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore it begins, or as easily getting rid of problem before it even became one. In the short story â€Å"Hills like White Elephant†, the compensation of abortion can easily be seen between Jig and her American lover’s decision whether to keep t he innocent’s life or not. Ernest Hemingway uses the fiction element plot, symbolism, and setting to illustrate the theme of abortion in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants.† Abortion has been viewed as a crucial struggle between couples. Many view this situation as endingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1037 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Sellers English 102 Scheck February 10, 2016 â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be puzzling and hard to decipher. Due to this, a number of conclusions can be drawn away from the text. The dialog between characters leaves a number of questions unanswered and leaves the reader confused about the conversation as a whole. Many things are left unsaid and not explained in the story, with that being the case, the reader must takeRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1432 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood behaviors. Ernest Hemingway weaves both of these stereotypes into his short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story’s plot revolves around a couple arguing about whether or not to have an abortion. In Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† a theme of male domination can be found, but by examining the dialogue closely, a theme of females asserting their will and manipulating emerges as well. Male domination is the primary and most obvious theme in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† During theRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, By Ernest Hemingway1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway: The Morality Within the Operation Ernest Hemingway created the iceberg theory, by which he expects the reader to know a great deal of information from the little he expresses in his work. This style is evident in his short story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† because the information the reader must obtain is hidden underneath the surface. This writing style often confuses the reader, but when the short story is read multiple times, the reader can

Marketing Mix in Cafe Coffee Day Essay Example For Students

Marketing Mix in Cafe Coffee Day Essay Page no-1 Kcb id-13480 MBA ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT TITLE Abstract In hospitality industry there is much kind of outlets like hotels and resorts, restaurants, bar, coffee shop these are the place is serving food and beverage here I am going to give my research about coffee shops which providing like hot and warm coffees and quick bites to the customers. I did my research work on Indian coffee shop company who having more than 900 cafe in 91 major cities in India and 4 cafe in overseas. INTRODUCTION COMPANY PROFILE Cafe coffee day is favorite and largest coffee shop chain in India . his coffee shop is one of the part of amalgamated bean coffee trading ltd. (ABCTCL),it is commonly known as a cafe coffee day. Coffee day is opened first cafe in 1996 on brigade road in Bangalore, and today coffee day company has the largest cafe retail chain in India with 895 cafes across 71 major cities in India. And this is a 300 core ISO 9002 certified company. Coffee day has international customers who a re love coffee countries like America, Europe, and Japan and coffee day has 75 percentage of coffee bean production as well. Coffee day has six different divisions include cafe coffee day. * Coffee day fresh n Ground(354 coffee bean and powder retail outlets) * Coffee day Xpress (341 coffee day kiosk) * Coffee day Take away (7000 vending machines) * Coffee day Exports * Cafe coffee Day * Coffee day Perfect Cafe coffee day is known as a CCD this short word very famous in college students and school students this is one of the pioneered cafe concept in India in 1996 by opening a first cafe . n 19th century the coffee drinking habit was restricted to the intellectual, the need for a relaxed and fun â€Å"hangout† for the emerging urban youth in the country was clearly seen. And it’s very perfect land mark for meetings and especially for students who wants to do their studies with their group and having fun and cafe coffee day giving very good land mark in Indian Major and coffee day being in very important role in Indian tourism industry Cities. Recognizing the potential that lay ahead on the horizon, cafe coffee day embarked on a dynamic journey to become large organized retail cafe chain with a distinct brand identity of its own Cafe coffee day in the past 13 years 1996 1st cafe| v 2001 14 cafes in 6 cities| v 2005First cafe open in Europe (Vienna)| v 2006First cafe open in Pakistan| v 2008607 cafes across 98 cities in| v FutureTargeting to middle east and 19 more cafe in Pakistan and 6 more cafe in Vienna. | +

Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay Essay Example

?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay Paper Brief on the OrganizationCostco is among the taking planetary retail merchants which provide clients a broad scope of ware, runing from little to well-known trade names. The company began operations in 1983. Over the old ages, Costco has been a retail merchant in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse nine of ware. Furthermore, Costco does non offer frills warehouse concern theoretical accounts as its rivals do. Costco’s major rivals are BJ’s Wholesale Club and Sam Club ( Costco, 2010 ) . Using the tools presented in this SSP, Costco provides a elaborate analysis for transforming concern operations relative to industry challengers. This is done in order to make net incomes and attain maximal shareholder’s value. A close scrutiny of Costco’s Value concatenation suggests that the company uses a useful attack, which maximizes the benefits for all stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Concept of Value Chain and Information Technology Impact Nowadays, competitory advantage chiefly derives itself through information engineering in concern theoretical accounts. Therefore, such supportive activities as information systems, R A ; D or general direction are normally the most of import beginning of distinction advantage. Technology inventions continue to determine Costco’s value concatenation. Through information engineering, Costco obtains strategic significance by altering the manner companies operate. The most of import construct is the value concatenation an organisation has entrenched itself in ; integrating communicating additions cooperation which leads to the productiveness procedure of linking groups that create activities toward a value system. Costco use of the smartphone applications is merely used to do personal judgements and predict purchases. Costco utilizes societal media platforms to heighten on-line shopping. The company continues to offer on-line shopping to its members. However, customer’s privateness is at hazard utilizing the smartphone information, and the corporation acknowledges this job to their members ( Costco, 2010 ) . In add-on to this menace, smartphones diminish the usage of hard currency. Organization’s Value Chain Analysis Value Chain analysis evaluates each measure concern goes through from origin to conclusiveness. The end is to maximise the value for the entire cost. Costco’s mission is to supply their members with choice goods and services at the lowest possible monetary values. The company’s mission, values and schemes suggest Costco uses a wide endeavor scheme which fits in the social model. To guarantee employee motive, Costco offers them a alone feast of benefits. This include ; paying wellness benefits for them, 50 % higher pay, employee keeping of over 90 per centum, and keeping employees even during recession periods ( Costco, 2010 ) . The Company’s strength is its primary value ironss which split into two distinguishable maps: Demand fulfillment and Demand coevals. Demand fulfilment includes input logistics, operations, and end product logistics. Demand coevals involves gross revenues, selling, and service section which breaks down into sub-tiers. Costco’s support activities include HRM, engineering development, house substructure and procurance. Costco’s failings are hard to nail ; one failing is relentless low operating net income borders. Bigger net incomes can happen by non paying employee benefits and with demanding higher returns from their providers. The job would be at what cost? Costco receives cost advantages from value adding major ( trade name points ) activities. However, it continues to see a challenge from Sam Club and BJ’s Warehouse, besides have a rank fee to shop for great trades ( Mascarenhas, 2004 ) . Linkages and Value System Mr. Porter introduced the generic value concatenation theoretical account in 1985. Value concatenation represents all the internal activities a house engages in to bring forth goods and services. VC is formed chiefly of activities that add value to the concluding merchandise straight and back up activities that add value indirectly ( Value Chain analysis, 2013 ) . Harmonizing to Porter and Millar, ( 1985, p. 154 ) several factors needed in analysing how information engineering might works for your organisation. By placing and ranking the ways in which information engineering creates a competitory advantage, it determine the function of information engineering in the concern construction, and the impact it has on the concern universe. Mentions Costco ( 2010 ) . Why Become a Member.Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.costco.com/membership-information.html Finne, S. ( 2008 ) . The retail value concatenation: How to derive competitory advantage through Efficient Consumer Response ( ECR ) schemes. Kogan PagePublishers. Gilmartin, B. ( 2014 ) . Costco Earnings Preview: Superb Execution, Perennially Overvalued Mascarenhas, O. ( 2004 ) . Customer value-chain engagement for co-creating client delectation. Journal of consumer selling, 21 ( 7 ) , 486-496. Porter, M. E. , A ; Millar, V. E. ( 1985 ) . How information gives you competitory advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63 ( 4 ) , 149-160 Williamson, G. ( 2014 ) . A Simple but Powerful Strategy That Can Lead To Multibaggers. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailyfinance.com/2014/03/04/play-follow-the-leader Value Chain Analysis | Strategic Management Insight. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html

Strategies of Acquisition Adidas and Hp Companies

Strategies used in acquisition are vey important because they help the acquiring company to make maximum benefit out the acquisition deal. Before entering into any acquisition deal it is important for the company to consider its resources, future market opportunities and its targeted consumers and their reactions (Roy 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies of Acquisition: Adidas and Hp Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper we explore two companies which have been involved in acquisition and how it has strengthened their resources and competitive advantage in the market. The companies explored are Adidas in footwear industry and Hp in computer industry. In 1970s Adidas; a sports company based in Germany was leading in market in the United States of America because of innovations in its products. Through aggressive marketing Nike became the leader in market which triggered the merge of Adidas and Reebok in 2005. Adidas expressed its desire to acquire all Reebok’s outstanding shares (Antal-Mokos 2009). These two companies have managed to pull together their resources to create new sporting products and also to explore new markets especially North America. The merge raised the value of the two companies to $12 million (Antal-Mokos 2009). Adidas- Reebok merger has also maintained sustainable competition ability by merging their different competencies. Adidas is a well known strong brand with high performance. On the other hand Reebok has a great conscience for fashion which makes it preferred brand by urban purchasers’. By acquiring Reebok, Adidas takes advantage of the two ideas without compromising the image of the two brands (Antal-Mokos 2009). The merger allows Adidas to venture into lifestyle market. Adidas also has managed to improve its competitive advantage by involving the youth through music and sports. Combining Reebok’s lifestyle sho e brand with high performance and technology Adidas brand creates a main attraction to youths thus keeping a sustainable competitive advantage in the market. In order to keep up its competition with other brands, Adidas will boost distribution of its brand in North America where Reebok dominates thus venturing into new market (Antal-Mokos 2009).This idea increased its sales in North America hence remaining at the top of competition. Adidas and Reebok are well known brand names hence their good reputation has helped in building a firm competition base.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hp has benefited a lot from its merge with Compaq in 2004. It has strengthened its human resources by involving the Compaq’s human resource. Merging these two great work force ensures that the company meets its objectives. The company has over 150,000 in more than 170 countries which makes its consumer base strong (Roy 2004). This has led to increased revenues for the company due to its venture into new markets. Acquisition has helped Hp to be the leader in computer industry through diversity. Considering both Hp and Compaq are strong brands, they produce wide range of products, both computer hardware and software. This ensures that all customer needs are met hence making its products the desired choice compared to its competitors. This has enabled Hp to acquire a sustainable competitive advantage (Roy 2004). Another idea that enhances its competitive advantage is Hp brings professionals from different parts of the world together, which in turn improves the creativity and innovative power of the company. As a result new, improved and reliable computer products are generated. A strong employee base ensures that there are Hp professionals in geographical locations hence improving its customer care.Combination of factors such as customer satisfaction, innovation, creati vity, products reliability and services ensure Hp’s enhanced competitive ability (Roy 2004). In conclusion, we realize that acquisition can be a revival tool to the companies operating at loses. In his paper we have seen how acquisition boosts the revenues of companies as well as their ability to compete with others. References Antal-Mokos, Z. (2009). Managing Mergers and Acquisitions. The global business  handbook: the eight dimensions of international management, 123. Roy, P. Roy, P. (2004). The Hewlett Packard-Compaq computers merger: Insight from the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities perspective. Journal  of American Academy of Business, 5 1, 7-14.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies of Acquisition: Adidas and Hp Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Strategies of Acquisition: Adidas and Hp Companies was written and submitted by user Joan the Mouse to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Profile of Barry Goldwater - “Mr. Conservative”

A Profile of Barry Goldwater - â€Å"Mr. Conservative† Barry Goldwater was a 5-term US Senator from Arizona and the Republican nominee for president in 1964. Mr. Conservative Barry Goldwater and the Genesis of the Conservative Movement In the 1950s, Barry Morris Goldwater emerged as the nation’s leading conservative politician. It was Goldwater, along with his growing legion of â€Å"Goldwater Conservatives,† who brought the concepts of small government, free enterprise, and a strong national defense into the national public debate. These were the original planks of the conservative movement and remain the heart of the movement today. Beginnings Goldwater entered politics in 1949, when he won a seat as a Phoenix city councilman. Three years later, in 1952, he became a US Senator for Arizona. For nearly a decade, he helped redefine the Republican Party, assembling it into the party of the conservatives. In the late 1950s, Goldwater became closely associated with the anti-Communist movement and was an avid supporter of Sen. Joseph McCarthy. Goldwater stuck with McCarthy until the bitter end and was one of only 22 members of Congress who refused to censure him. Goldwater supported desegregation and civil rights to varying degrees. He got himself into political hot water, however, with his opposition to legislation that would eventually turn into the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Goldwater was a passionate Constitutionalist, who had supported the NAACP and had backed previous versions of civil rights legislation, but he opposed the 1964 bill because he believed it violated states’ rights to self-govern. His opposition earned him political support from conservative southern Democrats, but he was detested as a â€Å"racist† by many blacks and minorities. Presidential Aspirations Goldwater’s rising popularity in the South in the early 1960s helped him win a tough bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 1964. Goldwater had been looking forward to running an issue-oriented campaign against his friend and political rival, President John F. Kennedy. An avid pilot, Goldwater had planned to fly around the country with Kennedy, in what the two men believed would be a revival of the old whistle-stop campaign debates. Kennedys Death Goldwater was devastated when those plans were cut short by Kennedy’s death in late 1963, and he mourned the president’s passing profoundly. Nevertheless, he won the Republican nomination in 1964, setting up a showdown with Kennedy’s vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, who he despised and would later accuse of â€Å"using every dirty trick in the book.† Introducing ... Mr. Conservative During the Republican National Convention in 1964, Goldwater gave perhaps the most conservative acceptance speech ever uttered when he said, â€Å"I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.† This statement prompted one member of the press to exclaim, â€Å"My God, Goldwater is running as Goldwater!† The Campaign Goldwater was not prepared for the brutal campaign tactics of the vice president. Johnson’s philosophy was to run as though he were 20 points behind, and he did just that, crucifying the Arizona Senator in a series of vicious television ads. Comments Goldwater made during the previous ten years were taken out of context and used against him. For example, he had once told members of the press that he sometimes thought the country would be better off if the entire Eastern Seaboard were sawed off and floated out to sea. The Johnson campaign ran an ad showing a wooden model of the United States in a tub of water with a saw hacking off the Eastern states. The Effectiveness of Negative Campaigning Perhaps the most damning and personally offensive ad to Goldwater was the one called â€Å"Daisy,† which showed a young girl counting flower petals as a male voice counted down from ten to one. At the end of the ad, the girl’s face was frozen as images of nuclear war played in the shadows and a voice extolled Goldwater, implying he would launch a nuclear attack if elected. Many consider these ads to be the beginnings of the modern negative campaign period which continues to this day. Goldwater lost in a landslide, and Republicans lost many seats in Congress, setting the conservative movement back significantly. Goldwater won his seat in the Senate again in 1968 and continued to earn respect from his political peers on Capitol Hill. Nixon In 1973, Goldwater had a significant hand in the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. The day before Nixon resigned, Goldwater told the president that if he stayed in office, Goldwater’s vote would be in favor of impeachment. The conversation coined the term â€Å"Goldwater moment,† which is still used today to describe the moment a group of the president’s fellow party members vote against him or publicly take a position opposite him. Reagan In 1980, Ronald Reagan won a crushing defeat over incumbent Jimmy Carter and columnist George Will called it a victory for conservatives, saying Goldwater had actually won the 1964 election, â€Å"†¦ it just took 16 years to count the votes.† The New Liberal The election would eventually mark the decline of Goldwater’s conservative influence as the social conservatives and the Religious Right began to slowly take over the movement. Goldwater vociferously opposed their two top issues, abortion and gay rights. His views came to be regarded as more â€Å"Libertarian† than conservative, and Goldwater later admitted with wonder that he and his ilk were the â€Å"new liberals of the Republican party.† Goldwater died in 1998 at the age of 89.

Plitical sciencePeriod effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plitical sciencePeriod effects - Essay Example Period effects also include main political or economic transformation in the world such as the reunification of Germany, the collapse of the Soviet Union or the introduction of Social Security and Medicare in America. The Great Depression of 1930 and its effects as an example of periodic effect The Great depression in 1930 is a period marked by tremendous economic and social upheavals in America. The most affected populations were the Mexican Americans that constituted a majority of the Latinos in US. The Great depression brought increasing anti-Mexicans, anti-immigration sentiments, rising unemployment, discrimination in the work place and lack of social welfare programs especially for Mexican Americans. The crises began on October 29, 1929 and soon spread throughout US and later to other countries. In 1930 as the crises worsened, 1.4 million Mexican Americans found themselves to vulnerable situations. The US citizens viewed Mexican Americans as foreigners, whether they were US citi zen or not, and intensified xenophobic attacks on them. Us government excluded Mexican Americans from its relief programs and employers exploited them while mobs attacked their enterprise (Szklo and Javier 9). The Great Depression on reaching its peak, a quarter of US workers became unemployed. Unemployment increased demands on underfunded local and state relief programs. US government and media blamed the Mexican Americans for the situation, although they received less than 10% of the relief. The counties, cities and states in US received increased pressure to provide social welfare programs and relief as the situation worsened. The US government responded by giving priority to American nationals at the expense of Mexican nationals (Szklo and Javier 11). The cities passed laws that denied relief programs to immigrants. Other local governments denied Mexican Americans relief to force them work for low wages in domestic work and agriculture sector. Some states like Texas and Californ ian required Mexicans to show naturalization papers or prove that they were in the process of getting US citizenship before getting relief. The federal government also denied New Deal work relief to Mexican nationals that failed to prove US citizenship (Szklo and Javier 13). The hard conditions made Mexican Americans find creative ways of surviving. The Mexican women sold food, made their own clothes and scavenged for scraps in order to feed and care for their families. Some left US voluntarily or because of pressure while others organized to fight for better conditions. Some Mexican women formed self help groups to provide services to its members. A good example is the middle-class Mexican American women in San Antoni, who formed la Beneficencia Mexicana. The group started a health clinic to provide prenatal services to poor women. Other Mexican women in San Antonio came up with the Catholic Relief Association to help distribute food, clothing and shelter to unemployed people withi n the Mexican American community. Between the year 1931-1934, Mexican population residing in US faced deportation or repatriation and about one million Mexicans born and raised in America left US. The federal government responded to a popular opinion that blamed Mexican for the national economic crises by coming up with deportation programs. US government officials carried out publicized deportation raids in both the rural

Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Company Analysis - Essay Example Weaknesses need to be overcome as they have the potential for being a major reason in the failure of the business (Hauser, 2012). When evaluated by my group members, it was found that my contribution, attendance at meetings, and leadership were the major drawbacks. This was perhaps because of an inappropriate leadership style or not being much competitive and strong leader in directing the way. I should rather be more vigilant, risk taking, and influential as the production head. Too much relaxed attitude with utmost responsibility given to the subordinates may increase their motivation and productivity since they would feel no â€Å"pressure from the top†, but a little control from the leader is needed. Workers needed to be guided, always been given directions, and should be lead from the front by the leader. I lacked in this area, but certainly overcoming the loops is the best solution ever. I will tend to become more competitive, leading the team, always engaging in all kin ds of meetings, giving clear directions to all, showing my leadership skills. Training and adopting an enthusiastic strategy would help. 3. Discuss your role on the team. I was in charge of the production department. My role was to engage in careful planning and analysis or evaluation of different strategies and product decisions of different products with the team. As the production in charge, I experimented with different strategies and production decisions and looked for their impact on the business in the long-run.

1.how has unemployment affected the economy over the last four yeasr Research Paper

1.how has unemployment affected the economy over the last four yeasr. 2.Have unemployment rate increased or decreased over the last four years - Research Paper Example It has had negative effects on the economy because the government financial budget has had strains in trying to meet the needs of all citizens to their satisfactory but still can not because a high population is unable to cater for its daily needs. The problem still stands to be the issue of unemployment. The economy is unstable because people are over dependent in government expenditure rather than generating income for the economy (Markus 206). The rate of unemployment has increased from around 5% in the year 2007 to around 10% in the year 2011. This shows that the economy is rising with time and the government has failed in its efforts to draft measures that can counter these changes thus making the citizens to be on the receiving end to the harsh economic changes. Apparently, unemployment still remains to be a matter to be looked into as people are suffering without knowing the way forward to a solution. The government should increase the number industries so create job opportunities and control the rate of

Femininity And The Female Body Cultural Studies Essay

Femininity And The Female Body Cultural Studies Essay The stereotypical gender roles given by the society are female being feminine and male being masculine. The social expectations of male masculinity and female femininity are described by Mc Cubbin and Blum Dahl, former professors at the University of Minnesota, as Men should be brave, strong, ambitious and aggressive, while keeping their feelings under control; Women should be gentle, nurturant, passive, dependent, and expressive of their feelings (Mc Cubbin and Blum Dhal, 2005, 189). The term femininity involves a social process in which a female sex is recognized with certain traits and characteristics. These traits are marked by the society the moment she is born hence, creating a sexual difference of being a woman. The construction of gender identity by our surroundings if further described by Bornstein as, Then theres gender attribution, whereby we look at somebody and say, thats a man, or thats a woman. And this is important because the way we perceive anothers gender affects the way we relate to that person. (1995, p. 26). A woman meant to be feminine and the degree of femininity she possesses is evaluated by the way she dresses up, the way she speaks, the way she walks, her body language and most importantly her beauty. Paintings, fashion photographs, news photographs, pornographic images, magazines differ in the way they are utilized but, they all interconnect in the representation of femininity and the female sexuality. The photograph by a renowned photographer Horst P. Horst (See Appendix, Figure 1) will be analysed to discuss the feminist issue of measuring a females value through her appearance and the feminism, the feminist theories against it and also representing women as surreal objects. Horst P. Horst was a German American photographer who is famous for his fashion and women photography. The Mainbocher corset is regarded as one of his iconic photographs created for Vogue in1939 (Koetzel, 2003). The image consists of a woman sitting on a bench seen from behind. She is wearing a back lacing corset and looking down through her right arm. The whole image encompasses a feel of a power less woman. However, when seen in different angle, it can give a different meaning altogether. The corset, a piece of underwear, which has a long history connected to it had long been part of a female body. A female wore tight-laced corset in order to define her waist more blatantly. Fontanel depicted the transformation of a female body as a great silky insect with outspread wings (1997, p. 49). In addition to making the waist line more evident, corsets cause breasts to heave and make buttocks stand out creating a slender and seductive silhouette. Therefore, a female wears a gracious instrument of torture so as to transform into a desired shape. Moreover, in the nineteenth century the tightly laced corsets were outrageous and lunatic and caused hindrance in the movement. Dubios in his book An Examination of five plagues regarded corset as one of the plagues as it causes terrible physical damage; deformation, breast sagging etc, when worn for longer duration (Fontanel, 1997). Likewise, it lends a female her femininity but, not a healthy one. Feminists argue that the act of theorizing the body is especially pertinent to women (Carson, 2001, p. 117). Moreover, the bodies of women are controlled by men and are idealized for male consumption. Beauvoir (1997) describes woman as the Other and writes, No biological, psychological or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society; it is civilization as a whole that produces this creature (p. 295). In other words, the culture has created an idealized female body image and is represented in Horsts image. On the contrary, the unravelled corset is recuperating the depiction of the female body from stereotyping. It is portraying womens; freedom from corset, freedom of movement and freedom from conventional gender role. The image also surfaces the notion of surrealism. The word surreal is defined as characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions. Surrealism was an artistic movement founded at the beginning of the 18th century. Andre Breton, the founder of the movement wrote a Surrealist Manifesto and described surrealism as, based in the belief in the superior reality of certain previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dreams, in the disinterested play of thought (Mikics, 2007, p. 292) . In other words, surrealism eradicates the borderline between real and unreal and conscious and unconscious. It is a new way of seeing the world. Hence, moving out of the ordinary and getting into the imaginary world. Surrealism: decontextualizing an everyday object and transposing it to an unusual or socially unacceptable place in order to highlight its status as sign. Women have always been the primary subjects of criticism and display and so they are in surrealism. Horsts image focus on one of the most persistent notion of surrealism that is fetishization. The corset is a fetish object creating erotic and provocative image, thus, arousing sexual desire for the object being displayed. According to Freud, it is as though the last impression before the uncanny and traumatic one is retained as a fetish pieces of underclothing which are so often chosen as a fetish, crystallize a moment of undressing, the last moment in which women could still be regarded as phallic (As cited in Wood, 2007, p.32). In other words, the corset accentuates female body parts and shapes her body into an hour glass figure. The less natural her appearance, the more seductive she [] looks (Fontanel, p. 52). This brings up the idea of transforming womens bodies for mens pleasure. In addition, the image also seizes the moment where women is submissive and have no control over m ens desires. Feminists are against the objectification of the female body and representing it as fetishised object as seen in the image. A more modern concept however, is that the corset allows a woman to express her sexual freedom. Women feel more sexy in a corset. It is no longer considered part of a Victorian era dress code, but simply as sexual leisure-wear. the female control over male desires, and the males control over the female body. Conclusion:othing is so lively, so lovely, as deathly pallor: Embracing the body, the corset frames a story to stir the emotions and set the imagination free.

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Mark Twain’s book Huckleberry Finn is an enjoyable book to read. Mark Twain is an excellent writer, and makes the book humorous, and attention catching, at the same time, it is teaching about important issues or slavery and educating on unhappy family situations. Huckleberry Finn is a classic. One of the first ways in which it is a classic is how it addresses issues of society. It shows the differences between classes, between the blacks and the whites. It shows Jim’s struggle for freedom, and the little white boy who doesn’t know anything better than to help him. While all of the white culture is looking down on blacks, one white person, not knowing the seriousness of what he is doing, is willing to help Jim gain his freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way that this book is obviously a classic is how the people in it and their troubles are open to the readers. Huck himself seems to have his share of problems. In the beginning of this book, he is living with two older ladies, he doesn’t enjoy that, and the reader becomes well aware of that. One of the other problems that he has is with his father. His father is just using him for the money that he has and beats him regularly, and then kidnaps him, just for spite, not because he loves him, and one of the other problems that he has is trying to free Jim and to do what he feels is right. Jim has his own share of problems, and they are also open to the reader, because that is what the book is mostly about, freeing Jim and all the situations that take place during that. In this book, most of the characters’ problems are open to the reader, because without them, the book would have very little twists and turns of plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A way that this book shows that it is a classic is that the work is original. This is very true. Mark Twain has his own writing style. It is unlike any other. Twain is a good storyteller, and appears to enjoy that. His storytelling style is different from others in that he attacks difficult issues through his stories. He writes about slavery and freedom from a neutral vantage point. Most of the other writers of his day and age wouldn’t dare to discuss touchy topics like that, yet Twain chose to do that, and he did it well.

Following Conditional Construction Following Conditional Construction

ZERO CONDITIONAL A. Sample sentences If interest rates fall, company profits rise. If prices don't go up, people buy more. B. Form (condition)(result) If sales increase,we make more profit. ZERO CONDITIONAL C. Uses The sentences of Zero conditional are general facts or things that are always true, i. e. the consequence always follows the event. Statements in this form commonly appear in factual discussions or scientific and technical material. In the condition clause there can be a variety of present forms. †¢When you fly business class, you get much more legroom. present simple)   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢If interest rates are rising, bank loans become more expensive. (present continuous) †¢When you’ve finished the course, you get a certificate. (present perfect). ZERO CONDITIONAL In the result clause there can be a present simple (last examples) or an imperative. †¢When you fly business class, don’t drink too much of the free alcohol. Notice that we can use either if o r when(ever) where the meaning is every time. CONDITIONAL   I A. Sample sentences †¢If I do an MBA, I’ll improve my job prospects. †¢If our main competitor goes bankrupt, we’ll increase our market share.B. Form (condition) (result) †¢If you increase your order,we’ll give you a bigger discount. †¢If anyone from Head Officesay I’m in a meeting. calls, CONDITIONAL   I C. Uses 1. In Conditional I the speaker sees the event as a real possibility, i. e. , if-clause is used to talk about future events that are reasonably likely and their results. The if-clause states the condition, and the other clause states the result: †¢If sales don't go well this year (condition), we won't increase our profits. (result) With all types of conditionals the if-clause can come second. We’ll make more profit if sales increase. CONDITIONAL   I 2. if and unless Unless often replaces if †¦+ negative expression:†¢If you don’t wea r a suit and tie, you won’t be allowed into the club. †¢You won’t be allowed into the club unless you wear a suit and tie. Conditional statements can function as either promises, warnings or threats. But note that unless cannot be used to make a promise. †¢If you order now, you’ll get a free gift. (promise) †¢We won’t be able to do business with you unless you comply with our ethical policy. warning) †¢Unless we receive payment by the end of the week we will be forced to consider legal action. (threat) CONDITIONAL   I 3. In Conditional I, the imperative, or modal verbs can be used in the main clause, e. g. may, can or must, instead of will + infinitive: †¢If you hear from Anne today, tell her to give me a call. †¢If the traffic is bad, I may miss the appointment with our supplier. †¢If we sign the contract today, we can start production at the end of next week. †¢If Mr. Porter rings, you must ask him to leave his number.CONDITIONAL   I 4. We do not use will in the if part of the sentence even when the meaning is future: †¢If the goods will arrive tomorrow, I will collect it. (? ) †¢If the goods arrive tomorrow, I will collect it. (? ) Will is only possible in such cases if it is used to express not future time but willingness or invitations (the style is formal), e. g. †¢If you will sign this agreement, I will let you have the money at once. †¢If you will come this way, Mr. Jones will see you now.CONDITIONAL   I 5. In formal written documents, e. g. egal contracts or agreements, one may find the following conditional construction in Conditional I: †¢Should the agent default on the contract, we will take legal action. †¢Should the unions accept new productivity agreements, the employers will meet their wage demands. †¢Should + infinitive is an inverted construction in place of â€Å"If the agent defaults†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or, â€Å"If the unions acceptâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ . †¢!!! Note that only should, never would, is used in this way. CONDITIONAL   II †¢Sample sentences †¢If trains were more reliable, more people would use them. †¢If I had as much money as Bill Gates, I would retire.B. Form †¢If you wanted a quantity    you would have to order discount,    at least 1,000 units. †¢If I knew her number,      I would send her a fax. CONDITIONAL   II C. Uses 1. We use the Conditional II to refer to an action or state we imagine, i. e. , the speaker sees the event as a remote possibility: †¢If these machines were not so expensive, we would buy them. (But they are expensive, and we are not going to buy them. ) †¢If he lost his job tomorrow, he would move to London to find another one. (He doesn't think he will lose his job, but he understands the possible consequences.CONDITIONAL   II 2. It is also possible to use could or might instead of would: †¢If we hired a factoring agency, we coul d recover our debts more easily. †¢If every piece of mail was personalised with your company logo or message, your customers might be very impressed. CONDITIONAL   II 3. We do not use would in the if part of the sentence: †¢If trains would be more reliable, more people would use them. (? ) †¢If trains were more reliable, more people would use them. (? ) But, in the sentences †¢We would be very grateful if you would send us the information as soon as possible. I would be very grateful if you would put your address on the back of the cheque. would is not part of a conditional tense here. It is a modal verb, and represents a more polite form of will as used in conditional clauses in Conditional I. It introduces the idea of â€Å"yourâ€Å" agreeing, or being willing, to do what is suggested.CONDITIONAL   II 4. In formal written documents, e. g. legal contracts or agreements, one may find the following conditional construction in Conditional II: †¢Were the agent to default on the contract, we would take legal action. Were Alice to apply for the post, she would get it. †¢Inverted constructions are in place of â€Å"If the agent defaulted†¦ † and â€Å"If Alice applied for†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Conditional II ?What would you say to a friend who asked you which faculty to go to? ?What would you do if you were ?the Prime Minister ?the Dean of the Faculty of Economics? CONDITIONAL   III †¢Sample sentences †¢If I had done an MBA, I would have had more opportunities. †¢If we had anticipated the crash, we wouldn’t have lost so much money. B. Form If the price had been lower,sales would have been higher.If we had made a better offer,we would have won that contract.CONDITIONAL   III C. Uses †¢We use Conditional III to imagine the opposite situation. If what actually happened was negative, we use a positive form, and vice versa. If what actually happened was positive, we use a negative form: ?We didn't put up our prices (-), so we kept our market share (+). ?If we had put up our prices (+), we would not have kept our market share (-). ?We promoted him (+) and he didn't give his notice (-). ?If we hadn't promoted him (-), he would have given his notice (+).CONDITIONAL   III . In Conditional III the speaker recognizes that the event is an impossibility, i. e. cannot be fulfilled: †¢If we had waited a few more months, we would have saved a great deal of money on the new faxes. (But we didn't wait a few more months; so, we didn't save money on the faxes). †¢If you had sent the letter by airmail, it wouldn't have been delayed. (But, you didn't send the letter by airmail, so it was delayed). CONDITIONAL   III 3. We can use could or might instead of would: †¢The merger could have succeeded if the management styles hadn’t been so different. The presentation might have been better if she had felt more confident.CONDITIONAL   III 4. You may find the following con ditional construction in Conditional III: †¢Had we made a better offer, we would have won that contract. †¢Had the shop packed the goods properly, they wouldn't have got damaged. Inverted past perfect is in place of â€Å"If we had made †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"If the shop had packed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . !!! We do not use would in the if-clause. †¢If the interview wouldn't have been a success, they would not have given me the job. (? ) †¢If the interview had not been a success, they would not have given me the job. (? )

Pride and Prejudice Quotes

Pride and Prejudice Quotes The following quotes from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen are some of the most recognizable lines in English literature. The novel, which follows the push-and-pull relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, deals with themes of love, pride, social expectations, and preconceived opinions. In the quotes that follow, well analyze how Austen conveys these themes with her trademark wry wit. Quotes About Pride I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine. (Chapter 5) When Elizabeth speaks this quote, she’s fresh off Darcy’s slight of her at the first ball, where she overheard him judging her not â€Å"handsome enough† for him to dance with. In context, where she and her family are discussing the ball with their neighbors, she tosses the line off in a good-natured, quipping sort of way. However, a closer read does suggest some element of truth to it: as the story progresses, it becomes evident that this unpleasant first meeting has colored Elizabeth’s perception of Darcy, making her more susceptible to Wickham’s lies. This quote is also the beginning of a running pattern through the novel: Elizabeth and Darcy are each able to acknowledge that they possess a shared flaw (Elizabeth acknowledges a degree of pride, Darcy admits that his prejudices are formed quickly and irrevocably). The theme of pride often connects to an inability to recognize one’s own flaws, so although the characters still have a ways to go before they’ll reach a happy conclusion, an admission of some flaws indicates that this will be a comedy where that conclusion is possible rather than a tragedy where a tragic flaw will be realized too little, too late. Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. (Chapter 5) Mary Bennet, the middle Bennet sister, is neither frivolous like her younger sisters nor well-adjusted like her older sisters. She’s studious to a fault and is quite fond of philosophizing and moralizing, as she does here, where she inserts herself into a conversation about Mr. Darcy’s behavior at the ball by seizing on their mention of his â€Å"pride† and jumping in with her philosophy. It’s a clear indicator of her lack of social skills and her simultaneous desire to be included in society. Although it’s delivered in Mary’s moralizing, pretentious manner, this quote is not entirely untrue. Pride – and vanity – are central themes to the story, and Mary’s definitions give readers a way to distinguish the social snobbery of Miss Bingley or Lady Catherine and the inflated self-important of Mr. Collins from the pride of Mr. Darcy. Pride and Prejudice explores personal pride as a stumbling block to true understanding and happiness, but it also presents the proudest character – Darcy – as one who does not care much what other people think of him, as evidenced by his cold social behavior. The contrast between care for perceptions and care for internal values is explored throughout the novel. â€Å"But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself.† (Chapter 36) There is a term in classical Greek drama, anagnorisis, that refers to a character’s sudden realization of something heretofore unknown or misunderstood. It often connects somehow to a shift in perception or relationship with an antagonist. The quote above, spoken by Elizabeth to herself, is Elizabeth’s moment of anagnorisis, where she finally learns the truth about Darcy and Wickham’s shared past via Darcy’s letter to her, and subsequently realizes her own flaws and mistakes. Elizabeths moment of self-awareness and character pivot indicates the literary skill at work here. Anagnorisis is something that appears in complex works with classical structures and multifaceted, flawed heroes; its presence is further proof that Pride and Prejudice is a skillful narrative, not simply a comedy of manners. In tragedies, this is the moment where a character comes to a much-needed realization, but learns their lesson too late to stop the tragic events already in motion. Because Austen is writing a comedy, not a tragedy, she allows Elizabeth to gain this needed revelation while there’s still time to reverse course and achieve a happy ending. Quotes About Love â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.† (Chapter 1) This is one of the most famous opening lines in literature, up there with â€Å"Call me Ishmael† and â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.† Spoken by the omniscient narrator, the line essentially sums up one of the key premises of the novel; the rest of the story operates under the assumption that the reader and the characters alike share this knowledge. Although the themes of Pride and Prejudice are certainly not limited to marriage and money, those do loom large. It is this belief that leads Mrs. Bennet to push her daughters forward at every turn, both towards worthy candidates such as Mr. Bingley and unworthy ones such as Mr. Collins. Any single man with some fortune is a marriage candidate, plain and simple. There is a particular turn of phrase worth noting here as well: the phrase â€Å"in want of.† Although it sounds, at first glance, that it’s stating a rich, single man always wants a wife. While that’s true, there’s another interpretation. The phrase â€Å"in want of† is also used to indicate a state of lacking something. Thus, the other way to read it is that a rich, single man is lacking one crucial thing: a wife. This reading emphasizes the social expectations placed on both men and women, rather than one or the other. â€Å"You are too generous to trifle with me. If your feelings are still what they were last April, tell me so at once. My affections and wishes are unchanged; but one word from you will silence me on this subject for ever.†Ã‚  (Chapter 58) At the romantic climax of the novel, Mr. Darcy delivers this line to Elizabeth. It comes after all has been revealed between the two of them, all misunderstandings cleared up and both in full knowledge of what the other has said and done. After Elizabeth thanks Darcy for his assistance to Lydia’s marriage, he confesses that he did it all for Elizabeth’s sake and in hopes of proving his true nature to her. Because of her positive reception so far, he makes an attempt to propose to her again – but this could not be more different than his first proposal. When Darcy first proposes to Elizabeth, it’s overlaid with a snobbish – though not inaccurate – appraisal of her social status relative to his. He uses language that â€Å"seems† romantic (insisting that his love is so great it overcame all rational obstacles), but comes across as incredibly insulting. Here, however, he not only approaches Elizabeth without pride and with genuine, unrehearsed language, but he also emphasizes his respect for her wishes. Rather than following the classic trope of â€Å"pursue until you win her over,† he calmly states that he will step away gracefully if that’s what she wants. It’s the ultimate expression of his unselfish love, as opposed to his previous self-centered arrogance and hyperawareness of social status. Quotes About Society â€Å"I declare after all there is no enjoyment like reading! How much sooner one tires of any thing than of a book! When I have a house of my own, I shall be miserable if I have not an excellent library.† (Chapter 11) This quote is spoken by Caroline Bingley, while she is passing time at Netherfield along with her brother, sister, brother-in-law, Mr. Darcy, and Elizabeth. The scene is, at least from her perspective, a subtle competition between her and Elizabeth for Darcy’s attention; she is, in fact, mistaken, as Elizabeth has no interest in Darcy at this time and is only at Netherfield to tend to her ill sister Jane. Miss Bingley’s dialogue is a constant stream of attempts to get attention from Darcy. While she’s rhapsodizing about the joys of reading, she’s pretending to read a book that, as the sharp-tongued narrator informs us, she only chose because it was the second volume of the book Darcy had chosen to read. Often taken out of context, this quote is an excellent example of the gently satirical humor Austen often uses to poke fun at the social elite. The idea of taking pleasure in reading is not silly in and of itself, but Austen gives this line to a character who we know to be insincere, and compounds it by exaggerating the statement past any possibility of sincerity and making the speaker sound desperate and foolish. People themselves alter so much, that there is something new to be observed in them for ever. (Chapter 9) Elizabeth’s dialogue is typically witty and laden with dual meanings, and this quote is a definite example. She delivers this line during a conversation with her mother, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. Bingley about the differences between country and city society. She remarks upon her delight in observing people – which she intends as a barb at Mr. Darcy – and doubles down with this quote when he suggests that provincial life must be quite boring for her observations. On a deeper level, this quote actually foreshadows the lesson Elizabeth learns over the course of the novel. She prides herself on her powers of observation, which creates her â€Å"prejudiced† opinions, and she certainly does not believe that Mr. Darcy, of all people, will ever change. As it turns out, though, there is actually much more to be observed than she has at the point when she makes this sarcastic comment, and Elizabeth comes to understand that truth later on.

Conduit Metaphor - Definition and Examples

Conduit Metaphor s A conduit metaphor is a type of conceptual metaphor (or figurative comparison) commonly used in English to talk about the process of communication. The concept of the conduit metaphor was originally explored by Michael Ready in his 1979 article The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language (see below). Reddy estimated that the conduit metaphor functions in roughly 70% of the expressions used to talk about ​language. The Framework of the Conduit Metaphor Typical solutions to the unskilled speakers communication problems are illustrated by (4) through (8). (4) Whenever you have a good idea practice capturing it in words(5) You have to put each concept into words very carefully(6) Try to pack more thoughts into fewer words(7) Insert those ideas elsewhere in the paragraph(8) Dont force your meanings into the wrong words. Naturally, if language transfers thought to others, then the logical container, or conveyer, for this thought is words, or word-groupings like phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and so on. . . .[F]our categories . . . constitute the major framework of the conduit metaphor. The core expressions in these categories imply, respectively, that: (1) language functions like a conduit, transferring thoughts bodily from one person to another; (2) in writing and speaking, people insert their thoughts or feelings in the words; (3) words accomplish the transfer by containing the thoughts or feelings and conveying them to others; and ( 4) in listening or reading, people extract the thoughts and feelings once again from the words.(Michael J. Reddy, The Conduit Metaphor: A Case of Frame Conflict in Our Language About Language. Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony. Cambridge University Press, 1979) The Conduit Metaphor and Communication [Michael] Reddy points out that the Conduit Metaphor is not a specific expression; rather, it names the metaphoric assumptions that enable a range of common expressions such as getting the message across, putting thoughts into words, and getting a lot out of a text. . . .Although the Conduit Metaphor may fail to describe all that transpires in typical writing situations, it does not impose an erroneously reductive structure upon complex activity but rather grows out of a complex of embodied activity, situated experience, and rhetorical human relationships. It is a rhetorical metaphor that, in certain instances, asserts a description of communication or an ethical standard. Without it, for example, we would have little basis for ethical objections to lying, concealment, failure to warn, failure to be responsible, and so on. It is crucial that we recognize, however, that when the Conduit Metaphor is treated as credible, it is combined with other concepts whose implications support its credibility. Most saliently, it combines with Language Is Power, a concept that has both evident ontological and ethical ramifications.(Philip Eubanks, Metaphor and Writing: Figurative Thought in the Discourse of Written Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2011) Lakoff on the Grammar of Conduit Metaphors Now consider: That idea just came to me out of the blue. . . . The general conceptual metaphor involved here is the CONDUIT metaphor, according to which ideas are objects that can be sent and received. Out of the blue is a metaphorical source phrase, and That idea is not just the Content of the cognitive experience, but is also the metaphorical Theme that moves to me. The grammar of the sentence is a reflection of the metaphor. That is, it has the grammar of a literal Theme-Goal-Source sentence, like the literal The dog came to me out of the kennel. To put it another way, the sentence has source domain syntax. . . .Now let us turn to a case where an Experiencer is a metaphysical Patient and has the syntax of a Patient: The idea struck me out of the blue. Again, we have the CONDUIT metaphor, with an idea that is conceptualized as an object that comes from a source out of the blue to me, not just reaching me as a goal but striking me. Thus, me is not merely a Goal, but moreover, a Pati ent that is affected by being struck. The verb struck is from the source domain, as is the syntax, in which me is direct object, which is the natural grammatical relation for a Patient to have.(George Lakoff, Reflections on Metaphor and Grammar. Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics: In Honor of Charles J. Fillmore, ed. by Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. Thompson. John Benjamins, 1995) Challenging the Conduit Metaphor In Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson (1980: 10-12 et passim) describe what they call the CONDUIT metaphor as a cross-domain mapping consisting of the following main correspondences: IDEAS (OR MEANINGS) ARE OBJECTSLINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAINERSCOMMUNICATION IS SENDING(Lakoff and Johnson 1980: 10) This formulation of the CONDUIT metaphor has since become the most widely accepted account of the dominant way in which speakers of English talk and think about communication (e.g. Taylor 2002: 490 and KÃ ¶vecses 2002: 73-74). More recently, however, [Joseph] Grady (1997a, 1997b, 1998, 1999) has questioned the validity of the CONDUIT metaphor alongside that of many other well-established formulations of conceptual metaphors, for the following reasons: first, it lacks a clear experiential basis; second, it does not explain why some prominent elements of the source domain are not conventionally mapped onto the target (e.g. the notion of opening or sealing packages is not conventi onally projected from the domain of the transfer of objects to the domain of communication); and third, it does not account for why many expressions that have been associated with the CONDUIT metaphor are in fact conventionally used in relation to other domains of experience as well (e.g. The detective couldnt get much information out of the partial shoeprint (Grady 1998: 209, italics in original)).(Elana Semino, A Corpus-Based Study of Metaphors for Speech Activity in British English. Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy, ed. by Anatol Stefanowitsch and Stefan Th. Gries. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Alternate Spellings: Conduit Metaphor See Examples and Observations below. Also see: MetalanguageCommunication ProcessMetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorWriting Process

Construction Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Management Techniques - Essay Example Unlike bureaucratic structures, those administrative systems offer every individual to work as a unit of a hierarchy to concentrate only over a segment of work to enhance his capabilities of production as a human resource. Consequently, it becomes the main responsibility of an individual to cope with the other parallel and serial units of hierarchy in a way that provides a smooth workflow throughout the structure and enhances the overall capability regarding quality and quantity of outcomes. This synchronization of individuals depends chiefly on the communication and information modules that individual fulfills. And, resultantly, communication and information framework becomes the utmost important area to be attended by the individuals as well as the administrative authorities. Task 1.b Depending chiefly to the basic framework and applied strategies, measure of company’s performance is rooted in the fact for how much it can comply with its mission statement that manifests the chief goals set by company. When a company spreads its dimension and transforms from medium to large company, it necessarily requires a metamorphosis of its applied strategies while still being firm to its ground framework which assures that company’s dealings will serve the continued purposes that had brought the company to a stage offering such transformation. Thus, a transformation from a medium to a large company requires a long term plan that initiates with the formula strategies of the company to the new offering that company achieves with expansions. Mostly, new demands also require building new strategies for specific cases. It is must to be farsighted and preplanned for such expansion which is only possible if a full plan is preset with the possible options and alternatives for tasks upcoming with forwarding and transforming. Task 2 Pre-construction requirements As the construction at Santiago way requires a small portion with two flats and a pair of semi detached ho use, the whole construction will require some earlier steps that will serve as the base strategy of the constructions. First of all, the documentation and authorization will be required to be locked before the site survey and construction planning. It will include a construction certification and council approving. Once the documentation and legal procedures are over, company may lead to site survey that will include an analysis of current and earlier weather, soil and ground condition. Overall pre-construction will finish up with the following steps: Legal documentation and authorization Earlier to site survey, a construction agreement and council permission will be required. Construction may lead to involve in various steps that involves excavation, refilling, noises and temporary hurdling of pathway that will be clearly mentioned in the documentations. Construction environment Survey History of the construction will be analyzed over the standard patterns. Estimated climate condit ions, quality of soil, underground scab, domestic colony development plans, electric and water supply inlets and outlets will be examined and included in the survey. Site survey Regular visit to the site will involve a number of examinations over the elevation of the site and its foundational depth resting of underground layer. Various elevations and earth crust deformations will be mapped to find out how much space, equipments and labor

Bounded Rationality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bounded Rationality - Assignment Example Bounded rationality is a decision-making theory developed by Simon Herbert which postulates that the rationality of the decision maker is limited by a number of factors such as the amount of information available to the individual, the constraint of time among other factors. Simon identified three difficulties which people face while making a decision. To begin with, there is the difficulty of limited knowledge of any particular decision which the person may make. Because of this, a person may not be able to optimally know the best decision to make at a certain time because they do not know the range of outcomes (negative or positive) which will emanate from the decision. The second difficulty a decision maker may face is the fact that even for those consequences which they may be able to predict, there is no guarantee that the outcome will be exactly the same as anticipated by the decision maker. The third constraint is the constraint of the number of options which the decision make r can use. Simon’s model stands in sharp contrast to Charles Lindblom’s theory which used incrementalism to explain decision making (Simon, p. 38). As the author says â€Å"Simon's model of bounded rationality also stands in sharp contrast to the rational choice model. In its purest form, this model assumes that individuals making decisions know their preferences, are able to consider all possible alternatives and can anticipate the full set of consequences that will flow from each alternative† (Simon, p38). However, according to Simon â€Å"Whatever model might be employed by decision makers in an ideal world, satisfaction seems to be the one most of them use in the real world† (Simon, p. 39).

Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Foreign Policy - Essay Example Freedom is an imperative ideal in the Western culture and governance based on democratic principles upholds the aspect to the latter. The NSC 68 describes the value as a correlation of individuals or parties which is devoid of repression or intimidation; the lack of disabling rules for a certain group or person and the establishment of enabling environment; or the lack of lived situations of coercion, for example political coercion in the United States society. Whereas political liberty is usually misunderstood to mean the liberty from irrational external repression, it may also be used to connote the free enjoyment of rights, liberal aptitudes and likelihood of development, and the enjoyment of social rights. The idea can also encompass liberty from limitations on political activities or expression (Jong-Han 255-287). Equity Although inequality cannot be eliminated completely, all the members of the society should be treated the same way, before the law and by administration authorities. Nevertheless, in practice, persons with more economic muscle and education are likely to be better placed in political circles, thus often influence civil society. As a matter of fact, there may be an evenhanded political mechanism with hardly any significant levels of involvement, so long as all demographic segments and social divisions uniformly took part in the building of a society (Jong-Han 255-287). Then those who take part in the process would properly represent a section of the entire community. In view this, equity can influence the foreign policy of the United States by enhancing political justness in other countries where the federal government feels equity is hardly practiced, by increasing the population of individuals who take part in political activities and empowering civil society. When the United States encourages more people to take their destiny and the destiny of the country into their own hands through programs such as more awareness campaigns, underprivileged communities and the less educated achieve more say. Diversity According to Jong-Han (255-287), diversity is the expression used to explain political entities with participants who hold recognizable disparity in their lifestyles. It is notable that the expression implies the disparities in racial or tribal categories, age, sex, spiritual inclination, ideology, physical capacities, socioeconomic status, sexual inclination, gender identity, education, mental status, physical capacities, genetic qualities, behavior, elegance, or other recognizable attributes. In gauging human multiplicity, a variation index gauges the likelihood that any two neighbors, picked randomly, would have varied ethnic backgrounds. Diversity in this wisdom can influence the nature of United States foreign policy based on the need for a cultivation of tolerant societies which supports the different communities regardless of their unique inclinations or qualities. For instance, the country can urge other states to adopt gay legislations in order to guarantee the community of a place in the society and enhance their integration into the society (Wright 76-104) American foreign policy The United States foreign policy revolves around the manner in which the country relates with other states and establishes thresholds of correlation for its institutions, business organizations and citizens in particular. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union around 1990, the United States foreign policy became highly influential across the world, because the former was already a pale shadow of its former self, with only disparate nations to

A Teacher’s Involvement on Education Reform Essay Example for Free

A Teacher’s Involvement on Education Reform Essay Student achievement is constantly changing. Today’s students are being prepared to face the real world that requires them to have exceeding abilities and knowledge. On the global economic aspect of today, students are asked to understand the fundamentals and at the same time be able to think critically. They must analyze and make inferences. It is the teacher’s task to develop these skills in the students. They must prepare them for any changes in the assessment of the school, especially when this approach is of the large scale and high-stake level. Education in the United States has been reformed countless times – all for various reasons. The changes in the knowledge and skills that are aimed for success go hand in hand with the understanding of how students learn. The relationship between the instruction given in schools and the assessment of the students through exams change the learning goals that are set for them and their schools. Therefore, the need for education reform. 1 Before, society can get by with the basic reading and arithmetic skills. This was during the industrial age. However, we are now in an information age. Individuals are required to have access to the interpretation and analysis of the information that they use in order to come up with decisions. Studies show that the skills and competencies mentioned in the previous sentence are the requirements to succeed in the workplace. 2 To adapt to these changes, the content standards of education – skills, knowledge and behavior of the students – must be achieved at a higher level. This is developed at the national, as well as the state areas of science, mathematics, history and geography. In this process, student assessment is the focus and the center of the efforts on matters concerning educational improvements. The policymakers intend to change the assessment that will allow teachers and schools to have different approaches. Assessment reform is not an excuse for a new regime by teachers. This is targeted to the students with the help of the development efforts of the teachers. These include curriculum reform, improving instruction and getting new instructional materials. A number of policymakers and educators believe that the assessment of the students reflect the lessons that they were taught. It’s true that the assessment influences the format of instruction. Contrary to the understanding of today’s students on how they learn their lessons, the assessments are particularly traditional. Most exams still follow the multiple-choice and the true-false format. These test facts determine the skill in an isolated approach. It seldom requires the students to apply what they really know, making it hard to determine what they are capable of doing in real life situations. The standardized tests do not match the content standards. Relying too much on these kinds of assessment often result to an instruction that only focuses on the basic knowledge and skills. It does not encourage the institution to reform the instruction give to the students. Engaged learning will prepare the students better for the 21st century. That being said, it only makes sense that the tests the students take encourage aggressive learning. 3 The notion that learning comes about by the accretion of little bits is outmoded learning theory. Current models of learning based on cognitive psychology contend that learners gain understanding when they construct their own cognitive maps of the interconnections among concepts and facts. Thus, real learning cannot be spoon-fed, one skill at a time. 4 Educators, policymakers and parents are starting to realize that the basic learning abilities are no longer enough. They need the students to have the skills they learned in school and the abilities they need upon leaving school all at the same time. Schools are expected to assist students in developing these competencies which they will use in real and authentic situations. The establishments are expected to graduate students who have these abilities – students who excel on both the standardized and the alternative assessments. During the last decade, the education community in the United States went through a proliferation of reform efforts that are standardized-driven. Its main objective is to increase the achievement level of the students. They want students from the United States achieve the same level of competitiveness with other industrialized nations. The education community also wants to restore the public confidence in the education. Once these are achieved, then it provides the standards-setting bodies the primary ways on how the classroom teachers can be involved in the reforming process. The federal government is a prominent player in the reforming efforts one educations. It goes all the way back in March 1994 when President Clinton signed the â€Å"Goals 2000: Educate America Act. It was the legislation that created the framework which allowed states to adopt and construct the education reform strategies by incorporating the three Goals principles: 1. ) rigorous academic standards. 2. ) alignment of curriculum, textbooks and teacher education and 3. ) clear incentives to encourage students to strive to meet high standards. Also, in 1987, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards or the NBPTS was formed in order to articulate the standards of excellence to what teachers must know and should know. NBPTS has an assessment system that determines the eligibility of the educators for the National Board certification. At the same time, the Council of Chief State School Officers has established the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) to produce the model standards for the initial teacher licensure. INTASC standards are based on NBPTS standards. In 1987, the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) started using the revised accreditation standards for teacher education institutions. This also reflects NBPTS standards. It calls for better performance, higher admissions and graduate standards. NCATE encourages the teachers to prepare the reforms on education at a content standard that has appeared from projects such as the NCTMs. There are three kinds of national standards which currently receive attention from the American government. The content standards focus on the curriculum, the performance standards concentrate on the student work and the assessment, and the school delivery standards which centers on the resources and support for the schools, teachers and students. The building figures from the consensus prominently show that the standards- setting movement of the schools and teachers has had de facto standards for the content areas that are mentioned in the Goals. These are affected by the textbook manufactures and the performance standards that are set by the testing companies. In contrast to this, the standards development projects of recent years have tried to get a base of support for a ny academic improvement. The involvement of teacher in the professional standards development can be seen in various areas: 1.  The teachers function as the standards. A lot of members of the NBPTS standards committees are accomplished and celebrated teachers. Classroom teachers are members of the NCATE board and the Standards Committee serve as the team which evaluates the teacher preparation programs. The Standard Project is there to develop the assessment standards. It also serves as the instrument for a national system of voluntary student examination. It engages the teachers in developing the tests items and refining the content standards in order to come up with better scores from the students. 2.  Teachers are the subjects of the fields that are new to test standards. Since they participate in the NBPTS field test, the INTAST assessments are conducted by teachers. 3. Teachers serve as the translators of the content standards. They apply this in a teachable classroom setting. By working with the scholars, the teachers build the contend standards in a state curriculum framework. They come up with lesson plans which are the operations for the standards they intend to meet. 4. Because they bargain units and have professional associations, teachers serve as the initiators of the standards-setting projects.  Take this for example, the Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students was developed by the American Federation of Teachers, the National Council on Measurement in Education and the National Education Association. 5. Teachers also serve as the critics of the national standards that set the efforts on education reform. The seven model standards that have been developed and supported by the Board of Education have circulated drafts of the standards documents. It also solicits the comment from the teachers and the parents. It is very important that teachers are on the panels in order to oversee the projects. The promotion of students’ critical thinking skills, active engagement in learning and deeper understanding of the subject matter is â€Å"teaching for understanding. † The classroom teachers must be engaged in teaching and understanding the lessons that they teach to the students. The research and the experience are collaborated and are jointly reported. Teachers must also focus on the policy considerations, starting with the perspectives in the classroom and emphasizing on the need for the field-based research that are needed for the multiple contexts of teaching. However, the involvement of teachers also varies on the perception of the school leadership. There are some teachers that perceive the costs of involvement in education reform outweigh the benefits. There are also some teachers who choose to not get involved because it means that this will influence other school policies. With this in mind, this proves that there are two kinds of decisions: the managerial, which is made by the administrators and the technical, which concentrates on the goal. Most teachers prefer being involved in the process than coming up with technical decisions. 7 Then there are some teachers that argue that education reform cannot be imposed on a unilateral approach. Teachers must endorse their new responsibilities and roles, as long as there is a time and enough resources to go about it. Schools depend on the cooperation, relation and interdependence of the staff members that plans such as these must be consistent with the norms that already exist. 8 Schools must also consider the current staff development. There are some models that do not help the teachers in handling the complex reforms that are currently being implemented. Dominant models work perfectly when the specific practices or skills are transferred. The current reforms need teachers to be intellectual. They must grapple the new ways in order to implement the principles and ideas in their daily work. The five steams of reform are challenges to the teachers. 9 Finally, there are the different studies of teachers when it comes to leadership roles. There are conditions that are particularly good prospects when it comes to leadership. By investing in roles that are dignified and not simply powerful, the organizational incentives needed for collaboration results to agreements which protect and separate the interest of the administrators and the teachers. This is a good thing because its final result is that it complies with the policies which support the education reform. Drawing from four different studies of teachers in leadership roles, the author examines the conditions for teacher productivity in schools. Little identifies five conditions as particularly likely to advance or erode the prospects for teacher leadership: define leadership tasks that are important, not trivial; invest leadership roles with dignity, not simply power over others; have organizational incentives for collaboration; avoid agreements that protect the separate interests of teachers and administrators; and have district policies that support teacher leadership, especially those on recruitment, selection, placement, and evaluation of principals. 10 Sometimes it is better to give movie examples. Over the years, there are countless movie releases that show teachers defying the school’s rules in order to provide what is best for their students. In â€Å"Dangerous Minds†, Michelle Pfeiffer encourages her students to read poetry instead of hanging out in the street and ruining their lives by getting involved in drugs, sex and gangsters. In the â€Å"Sister Act 2†, Whoopi Goldberg helms a choir consisting of African American students from the ghettos. Like Pfeiffer in â€Å"Dangerous Minds†, this is the nun’s distraction for the students to make something out of their lives. But a recent movie that depicts educational reform and teacher’s involvement best is the TV movie â€Å"Walkout. † It tells the story of the Mexican-American students in Los Angeles high schools in 1968. They staged a boycott in order to improve the quality of education for Chicanos. Actor-director Edward James Olmos (who plays Jennifer Lopez’ dad in â€Å"Selena) appears and directs in the movie. â€Å"Walkout† was skillfully directed and presented a simple story told in a direct manner. There is a frank portrayal of the unacceptable educational standards in the schools that are attended by the Mexican-American students. In one scene, two Chicano students were slapped on their behinds because they spoke in Spanish. This was only one of the rules in American schools which Mexican-American activists wanted to reform. They want to speak in Spanish whenever they want to because Spanish is their language. For teachers who want a peg in participating in educational reforms, they can look at Sal Castro played by Michael Pena (Jennifer Lopez’ brother in â€Å"Selena. ) He is a dedicated high school history teacher who is the instrument in stirring idealism in his students. He didn’t want them to be violent activists. He encouraged reform but he reminded them that this can be done in a united and peaceful protest. The focal point of the story is Paula Crisostomo (Alexa Vega) who is an exceptional student. She risked her graduation in order to be part of the Lincoln High School walkout. â€Å"Walkout† captures the passion of Paula and her classmates. The parents strongly resisted at the earlier part of the film, but later on they slowly understood the reason behind the activism of their children. The entire cast, played by young performers, is convincing. It is true that â€Å"Walkout† is a film but this is a depiction of something that happened in 1968 which changed history. Because of that walk-out, Mexican-American students are given a voice. The teacher participated in his own way in the education reform his students want granted. Those who watched this movie for the first time were unaware of the Chicano movement of 1968. They were surprised to find out that there was a time Universities kept Chicanos out. Teachers sacrifice their efforts and their time in order to concretize the goals they want for their students. Education reform may not be achieved with just one snap of a finger but that does not mean that teachers should stop trying there and then. For this very reason of reform, teachers and students are more motivated to strive toward success. Education reform is a right that must be made the most out of. It could be better opportunities for the teachers as well as the students. Once the school is presented an option to have an education, then they must seize it. It may be puzzling at first but the absence of education reform can have dire effects on the effective teaching in schools. Research shows that successful schools have reformed their education in relation to the demands of today’s information age. By viewing teaching as the central activity of organizations, more and more educational bodies are encouraging schools to take part of education reform. By proposing the norms, conducts, standards and practices which will serve as the central dialogue and observation of teaching, activities and practices that are related to providing a curriculum and materials needed by the school, students and teachers will be open to the recognition of teacher’s involvement in the whole educational reform process.

Bob Marley Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Bob Marley is a name most people know but his accomplishments and dedication to music is often overlooked. Bob was more than just a reggae artist, he was an inspiration to the country of Jamaica. He was a role model to the poverty stricken island and gave hope to many people. Bob was born on February 6, 1945 in his grandfather's house. He was the son of a poor farm girl and a British naval Captain. Soon after his birth Bob's father, Norval Marley, left his mother. He remained responsible and provided financial support and occasionally came back to see them. In the 50's a depression hit Jamaica and Bob followed his mother to West Kingston also known as Trenchtown. It was in Trenchtown were Bob's love for music began. Bob Marley's music has given people everywhere hope for a better tomorrow. His life and involvement with the Rastafarian movement left an impact on the world that is still felt today. He sang of peace speaking out against slavery, poverty, and oppression. His philosophy was to send a message through his music that all people are equal and should unite together to make this world a much better place for our future generation. "Every man gotta right to decide his own destiny"(Stephens 2). When Bob Marley said this he was referring to the battle with the Americans and the Indians of the west, where slaves from Africa were forced to fight. He wrote the song "Buffalo Soldier" as a tribute to the injustice of the war. They were brought to America and forced to fight against the Native American Indians. The Indians called them buffalo soldiers because their hair was tightly woven and to them, it resembled the curly and matted buffalo's coat. In the line "Stolen from Africa, brought to America Fighting on arrival, figh... ...y never gave up on his goal for world peace. The point of many of these songs were that you will never loose until you give up your fight. If everyone gave up on the things they were doing once they had failed then where would the world be today? If the U.S. had surrendered in our first world war when one soldier was shot down would we have our great country today? No, we wouldn't because no one gets anywhere when they give up. No one has anything when they give up just another failure to write in their book of history that will most likely not be remembered. All of our great leaders had to try more than once to get what they fought for. Like George Washington fought for freedom for years and when he got it he was known as a great leader to America and it's future generations. Maybe if the world were like Bob Marley we could be further into the future than we are now.

Psychology of Adolescence Essay

BoysTown is a registered charity and a national organization for youth welfare in Australia. It focuses on helping disadvantaged youths who are at risk of social exclusion to enhance their quality of life (â€Å"Youth social†). It recognizes several causes of social exclusion among disadvantaged youths that need to be addressed, which include single parenthood, low self-esteem, physical and mental health problems, substance abuse, lack of work experience, functional illiteracy, and underdeveloped personal and vocational skills (â€Å"Youth social†). BoysTown also recognizes that most of the disadvantage youths came from families who have a history of intergenerational unemployment and welfare dependency and from Indigenous backgrounds (â€Å"Youth social†). BoysTown offers several social inclusion programs to help disadvantage youths to improve their life. The programs include Kids Helpline, Youth Programs, Indigenous community development, Family programs, and Intermediate labor markets. The key attribute of these programs is that they emphasized sustainable outcomes while they rely on safe strategies for working with youths who are at risk of social exclusion (â€Å"Youth social†). BoysTown’s Kids Helpline is a national telephone and web-based counseling program that provides services for more than 60,000 children and youths across the country. The Youth programs offer personal development, training and employment assistance to more than 3,500 youths in communities. BoysTown is collaborating with key stakeholders to work on a social inclusion project with four remote Indigenous communities in the East Kimberleys (â€Å"Youth social†). It also provides parenting programs and family refuges such as home-based support and training to make way for the transition of disadvantaged youths to the wider world (â€Å"Youth social†). The organization also operates various social enterprises and transitional employment programs in order to provide 400 youths per year with paid work and on-the-job training. There are various indicators that demonstrate the degree of social exclusion suffered by families and children, which include low-birth-weight babies, permanent exclusion from school, the number of children living in unemployed households, teenage pregnancy, low academic achievement, and the number of children aged 10-16 who are in young offender institutions (Pierson, 2002). The indicators of social exclusion at the level of community include overcrowded housing, a high percentage of households without a bank account, poor community participation, and high levels of burglaries (Pierson, 2002). The key forces that increases the likelihood of social exclusion are poverty and low income, lack of social supports and networks, lack of access to the labor market, the impact of the local neighborhood, and exclusion from services (Pierson, 2002). Pierson (2002) suggests ways to address social exclusion, which include maximizing income and securing basic resources; improving social networks and supports; collaborating in partnership with local organizations and agencies; developing channels of effective participation for users, local residents, and their organizations; and concentrating on whole neighborhoods. Socially excluded youths have a significant cost impact on society in terms of publicly-funded health services, justice system and social security costs, and the impact of decreased individual earning capacity, lost productivity, and decreased tax revenue (â€Å"Youth social†). The Australian government is investing in developing the capability of the not-for-profit organization to provide more holistic, community-based strategies to respond to social exclusion, especially among young people (â€Å"Youth social†). Models of intervention must be multi-dimensional and aimed at providing young people with a comprehensive range of support over an extended period of time (â€Å"Youth social†). They should also be based on a holistic approach in order for young people to overpower personal barriers; improve their strengths, health, well-being, life and interpersonal skills; develop their self-esteem and the ability to learn; and succeed in shifting to independent living, training or work, and further education (â€Å"Youth social†). BoysTown’s Youth programs are effective in helping youths who are at risk of social exclusion because they incorporate individual assessment, counseling, and support, life skills training, personal development and mentoring; vocational skills training, employment assistance; and post-placement support (â€Å"Youth social†). Young people must be provided assistance into paid employment by giving advice, training and other help that they need to make them more employable (Kemp, 2005). Focusing on individual agency such as young people’s attributes, qualifications, decision-making, and behavior allows young people to successfully transition from welfare to work (Kemp, 2005). The Kids Helpline at BoysTown is similar to a mentoring program that helps disadvantaged young people to tackle social exclusion. Mentoring consists of an informal educative role and personal support and encouragement (Pierson, 2002). Mentor acts as a trusted counselor or guide (Pierson, 2002). The goal of a mentoring or counseling program is to connect two individuals in a one to one voluntary relationship, with one individual being more experienced than the other and with the hope that their knowledge and skills will be transferred (Pierson, 2002). The key features of a mentoring relationship include a voluntary arrangement as required by the individual being mentored and can be ended by either party at any time, interpersonal skills of mentors to manage and monitor the relationship, and the understanding of both mentored and mentors about the boundaries and objective of the relationship (Pierson, 2002). Colley (2003) mentions the popularity of mentoring with policy-makers because it addresses their concerns such as the moralization of social exclusion. The author adds that the solution to social exclusion of young people depends on their re-engagement with the labor market and/or formal learning routes. The key role of mentoring is to provide a way for the re-engagement by changing young people’s values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior to engage their personal commitment to become employable (Colley, 2003). Mentoring helps young people in terms of empowering them, discussing aspirations, and making them more realistic about their view of work (Colley, 2003). It is also important to assist young people to attain skills in areas such as confidence building, problem solving, improvement of interpersonal skills, punctuality, and team working in order to enhance their personal effectiveness in the workplace (Colley, 2003). Moreover, mentoring is also important to help disadvantaged young people develop social networks and capital (Colley, 2003). It is necessary to create initiatives that involve young people not only in making decisions that affect them individually or on particular services but also in making decisions that influence their communities collectively (Pierson, 2002). Organizations led by young people play an important role in defining services and provide practical support for young persons (Pierson, 2002). The aim of the Indigenous community development at BoysTown is to help young people to re-engage in learning; increase community involvement in formal education and training; enhance access to sustainable mainstream employment opportunities; and develop training and work opportunities through community-based social business enterprises (â€Å"Youth social†). According to Pierson (2002), adolescent support teams have emerged rapidly during the early 1990s. The author adds that the aim of adolescent support teams is to divert youths from the care system and offer short-term preventive service that assists families prevent problems in relationships that might result to homelessness. The approach used by the adolescent support teams is preventive and based on time-limited, task-focused work (Pierson, 2002). Most of the work of the adolescent support teams involves negotiation and mediation between young people and parents (Pierson, 2002). BoysTown enterprises are involved in several community infrastructure development, asset maintenance, and urban renewal projects in disadvantaged areas (â€Å"Youth social†). Enterprise-based intermediate labor markets are effective in minimizing crime and anti-social behavior and in helping young people who are socially excluded to engage again with the labor market (â€Å"Youth social†). According to Aiken (2007), social enterprises are considered mission-driven organizations with a commitment to a specific disadvantaged group. The author adds that placement agencies function as intermediaries in searching and training people to move into work in the mainstream labor market. Social enterprises have often focused on the needs of socially excluded client groups (Aiken, 2007). Aiken (2007) mentions that the origin of social and community enterprises can be found in the mutual and cooperative sector in Great Britain. The author adds that the emergence of this movement has resulted to an important pattern which has focused on the economic development of poorer communities, including the importance of maintaining paid work. Intermediate Labor Market organizations focus on short-term training and employment with the goal of trainees transitioning into paid work in other organizations (Aiken, 2007). They may be working with disadvantaged people and will have a tendency to be reliant on some degree of public sector contracting. References Aiken, M. (2007). What is the role of social enterprise in finding, creating and maintaining employment? for disadvantaged groups? Retrieved June 14, 2009, from http://www. parracity. nsw. gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/22575/Cabinet_Office Colley, Helen (2003). Mentoring for social inclusion: A critical approach to nurturing mentor relationships. New York, NY: Routledge. Kemp, P. A. (2005) Young people and unemployment: From welfare to workfare. In M. Barry (Ed. ), Youth policy and social inclusion: critical debates with young people (pp. 139-156). New York, NY: Routledge. Pierson, J. (2002). Tackling social exclusion. New York, NY: Routledge. Youth social exclusion: A global concern. Retrieved June 14, 2009, from http://www. boystown. com. au/downloads/rep/BT-Youth-Social-Exclusion. pdf